January 11, 2025

Broadcast Flag Blues

The FCC recently accepted reply comments on its broadcast flag proposal. I submitted a written comment, pointing out that some technical claims made by the MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) in their comments were spectacularly wrong.

[Background: The FCC, which regulates television broadcasting, asked for public comments on whether to issue “broadcast flag” regulations. It’s not clear exactly what form such regulations would take; they might be either broad or narrow. If issued, such regulations would almost certainly make it illegal to make or sell certain kinds of digital video technology.]

The MPAA told the FCC that with today’s technology, ordinary home users could capture digitally broadcast television programming and redistribute it easily on the Net via email or other means. They claim this is much easier than old-fashioned videotape infringement. Their claim is ridiculously wrong, as even the most basic technical analysis illustrates.

A digitally broadcast movie of the week takes up about 26 Gigabytes (26 billion bytes) of storage. What happens when you email a 26 Gigabyte file to a friend? Try it now and see what happens. Really. Go ahead and do it.

What’s that? You don’t have 26 Gigabytes of free space on your hard drive? Actually, you need about 80 Gigabytes of free space, or your email program will run out of space when it tries to put together the outgoing email message. No problem, a new 80 Gigabyte drive only costs $125. And don’t forget to order two drives – your friend will need one too so he can receive your email.

Oh, and when you send the message, remember that your email service probably limits message sizes to 10 Megabytes or so. No problem, you can stay under the limit by breaking up the file into 3500 pieces, and sending them as 3500 separate email messages. (Your friend won’t mind reassembling the pieces, I’m sure.)

By the way, you need to be careful not to overflow your friend’s email inbox, which can probably hold only a handful of these messages at a time. Just send the first five messages; when your friend has removed them from his inbox, he can send you an email telling you to send the next five. Repeat this 700 times, and you’re done. The whole process only takes four days if both of you work at it nonstop, day and night.

Of course, if you want to send the file to more people, it will take four extra days for each additional person.

The MPAA’s FCC filing calls this kind of piracy “instantaneous, effortless, and costless” and says that it has “no delay

Who Uses Peer-to-Peer?

If you listen to the rhetoric about peer-to-peer copyright infringement, you might conclude that most of that infringement takes place at universities. But at this week’s House hearings on “Peer-to-Peer Piracy on University Campuses,” committee chairman Rep. Lamar Smith reportedly cited statistics showing that 10% of P2P users are at educational institutions. That’s surprisingly low. Does anybody know where the other 90% are?

Berkeley DRM Workshop

It’s the second day of the Berkeley DRM Workshop, a wonderful conference. Donna points to live commentary from several bloggers.

I was on a panel with David Wagner, Hal Abelson, John Erickson, Joe Liu, and Larry Lessig. My quick presentation (here, in PowerPoint format) was about the (negative) impact of DRM and its companion regulations on a wide range of public policy debates. If you can’t learn about technology and you can’t talk about technology, then you can’t make good public policy decisions about technology.

Lexmark Gets Preliminary Injunction

A news.com story by David Becker reports that a Federal judge has granted a preliminary injunction against Static Control in the DMCA lawsuit brought by Lexmark.

To review, Lexmark makes printers, and Static Control makes replacement toner cartridges for Lexmark printers. Lexmark’s printers do a cryptographic handshake with Lexmark-brand toner cartridges, and Static Control cartridges do the same crypto handshake so that they will work in Lexmark printers. Lexmark filed a lawsuit, clai ming that the Static Control products violate the DMCA’s anti-circumvention rules.

The preliminary injunction prohibits Static Control from selling the challenged product. I haven’t seen any written opinion from the Court yet; I’ll add a pointer to the opinion if/when I get it.

Congressmen Tell Universities to Stop P2P

Declan McCullagh at CNet news.com reports on a congressional committee hearing today about P2P copyright infringement at universities. Some in Congress are turning up the rhetorical heat on universities, urging them to react to copyright infringement as energetically as they react to the most serious crimes.

Members of the House of Representatives subcommittee that oversees copyright law said at a hearing that peer-to-peer piracy was a crime under a 1997 federal law, but universities continued to treat file-swapping as a minor infraction of campus disciplinary codes.

“If on your campus you had an assault and battery or a murder, you’d go down to the district attorney’s office and deal with it that way,” said Rep. William Jenkins, R-Tenn.

All of this discussion seems to assume that it is easy to distinguish P2P traffic from other traffic. This may be true in the short run, but once P2P blocking starts to become popular, the P2P systems will evolve so that they blend in to non-P2P traffic. In the long run, blocking P2P traffic looks like a technically dubious approach.

Nonetheless, things will get increasingly unpleasant for universities.

(Disclaimer: I don’t speak for Princeton. When I write about “universities” I mean universities in general and not Princeton in particular.)